IP: 58.*.*.* Thailand

அன்பான காயல் வாசிகளுக்கு அஸ்ஸலாமு அலைக்கும்
நமது ஊரில் பரவலாக எங்கு பார்த்தாலும் யாரைக் கேட்டாலும் புற்று நோயை பற்றித்தான் பேச்சு

இதோ புற்று நோயை தடுக்க சில எளிய வழிமுறைகள்:

1) அதிகம் எண்ணெய் உணவை தவிர்க்க வேண்டும்
2)உணவில் மீன் அதிகம் சேர்க்க வேண்டும்
3)துரித உணவுகளை(பாஸ்ட் புட்) தவிர்க்க வேண்டும்
4)தினமும் அரை மணி நேரம் நடை பயிற்ச்சி எடுக்க வேண்டும்
5)வருடத்திர்க்கு ஒரு முறை முழு உடல் பரிசோதனை செய்ய வேண்டும்
6) 40 வயதை தாண்டிய பெண்கள் வருடத்திர்க்கு ஒரு முறை மெமோகிராம்(மார்பக சோதனை)செய்ய வேண்டும்
7)மாதத்திற்க்கு ஒரு முறை பெண்கள் மார்பகங்களை தாங்களாகவே பரிசோதனை செய்து கொள்ளலாம்

இவ்வாரு செய்தால் இன்ஷா அல்லாஹ் இந்த கொடிய நோயிலிருந்து விடுபடலாம்

IP: 86.*.*.* United Arab Emirates

It Is So Bad to hear.We must change our life into happiest environment such fresh air ,large intake of fruits& vegetables,avoid more cholestrol foods etc.So please conduct some awareness programs.It is our duty to save our people.Insha Allah I will Pray for your Success.

IP: 80.*.*.* United Arab Emirates

DEAR KAYALITES,

PLEASE CHANGE OUR FOOD SYSTEM IN OUR FUNCTIONS LIKE WEDDINGS AND FESTIVALS.AVOID FAT AND OIL FOODS.PARTICULARLY RED MEAT.DO EXERCISE AND REGULAR MEDICAL CHECK UPS.THIS IS OUR ROUTINE WORK. BEYOND THIS KEEP CLEAN OUR ENVIRONMENTS AND HOUSE KEEPING WITH NEAT.AVOID GARBAGES STREWN IN STREETS.

IP: 122.*.*.* India

Our Municipality should take a necessary legal steps to shut down the factory,and save our people.Associations,Jamaths,also joint hands to struggle in this record. Insa allah we will be safe

IP: 58.*.*.* Thailand

Dear Brothers & Sisters,

Long back i will mention abt that , still nobody bleive that, still now i will explain abt my knowledge,

From Arumuganeri To Kayalpatnam beach one small drinage river weeckely or monthely mixing with sea, in that distace the water evoparating in morning time with sunlight, in that time the airalso mixing with poision, so now our kayalpeoples attack by cancer at this movement, in feauter is going to attack with some other diseses, Some body say Cancer is growing through oil and red chicken , but in 1985 how may person attack in cancer? our peoples that time also eating with kalathie sapadu, and chicken 65 and kari kangie and all is not only from food, if over fat attack by heart attack, attack by cancer boc of polution ,

onece again i tell to you pls take one bottel of water near that factory and testing the government lab in Manganeer kayal , near punna kahyal, Then pls publish to the result to evryone, dont keep it seckret, and also one more thing pls if any mistake in words or sentence pls correct it and read , boc am not a Educated person,

Thanks
best regards
Sayna

if you need any personal abt water lab pls send me mail seyed579@hotmail.com , am ready to healp our kayal peoples

IP: 59.*.*.* India

nagaril cell phone tower athikamaaha irupathum ithukku oru kaaranam. naharin mukkiya pullihal ithil kavanam sezhuthuvaarhala????

IP: 119.*.*.* China

புற்று நோய் இதனால்தான் வருகிறது என்பதை இன்னும் .எவராலும் சொல்ல முடியவில்லை. பல காரணங்கள் சொல்லலாம். அதிக கொழுப்புள்ள இறைச்சி உணவுகள் , பொறித்த உணவுகள் , துரித உணவு , food grade அல்லாத recycled pet jar இல் சேமித்த உணவுகள் , பயன்படுத்திய எண்ணையை மீண்டும் மீண்டும் பயன்படுத்துவது , தரமற்ற வண்ண உடைகளை அணிவது , recycled rubber இல் செய்யப்பட தரமற்ற காலணிகள் அணிவது , போக்குவரத்து மிகுந்த இடத்தில் வாகனங்களின் புகையை சுவாசிப்பது , இது போன்ற எத்தனையோ காரணங்களை சொல்லலாம். தினமும் 30 நிமிடம் நடைப்பயிற்சி செய்தாலே எந்த நோயையும் நெருங்க விடாமல் தடுக்கலாம். சங்கங்களில் , படிகளில் , வெட்டைகளில் உட்கார்ந்து கொண்டு , உடலுக்கும் , மனதுக்கும் சற்றும் பிரயோஜனம் இல்லாத விளையாட்டுக்களையும் , வீண் பேசாது பேச்சுக்களையும் தவிர்த்து , காலை மாலை வேளைகளில் லேசான நடைபயிற்ச்சி செய்தாலே போதும். எந்த நோயும் நம்மை அண்டாது.

IP: 188.*.*.* Saudi Arabia

anbaanavarhale,
naam padikkum kaalathil kelvi patra onrai kan mun paarthu kondu irukkiroome!
yen namakku intha nilai?
sahotharar vsm ali um sahothari nafeelaum kurippitta ariurai ku nanri

nam munnorhal kalathil illatha nava naahareehathai intha kaala makkal pinpatru vathaal vantha kudumai ma idu allah nam elloraium kapaathuvaan ameen

hajukku vanthu irukkum ella hajihalidamum sareera suhathukku duwa seiya venduhiroom insha allah arafa maithanathil (naan)naankalum duwa ketpoom ameen

IP: 195.*.*.* United Kingdom

Assalaamu Alaikum…

One of the issue that should be taken care is the too closeness of our household wells to the locally built drainage tanks.

In the past, almost every home had a garden or at least a piece of empty land around. Wells are placed in a good distance to the local drainage tanks. Nowadays in KPM, gardens are becoming history and rarely we find empty land within the streets. Due to the increased home constructions, we are forced to place our household wells irrespective of how near the drainage tank is to it.

Being so close to the drainage tanks, for sure, ground water will get contaminated and have various undesirable elements and it may be one of the major reasons that were causing the Cancer disease. Even if not, for sure it will be a root cause for many other critical diseases.

We need to check and discuss this with subject with the appropriate health authorities. Water samples from the wells of local homes should be tested in the government authorized labs and the results should be analyzed with the help of highly qualified persons in this field.

For this task, a responsible local association shall take the initiative to approach the government prescribed labs and/or best private labs and get a special offer and ask Kayal people to use this offer to test the ground water that we are using in our day-to-day life.

By doing this, even if the analysis ends in a note that these are not the factors causing the cancer, at least we will come to know what are the other likely diseases we are prone to due to this unfortunate situation.

I believe this appeal shall be considered seriously.
Thank you,
Muhammad Aboobacker

IP: 123.*.*.* India

Thereare different types of cancer. No one knows the exact cause. If it is detected at early stage it can be treated. Therefore the best one can do is to do regular annual check-ups.

Qatar Kayal welfare Association in assistance with Kayalpatnam United Forum - Hongkong, is doing a great job by conducting free cancer camp at our KMT on yearly basis.I urge our ppl to take this golden oppurtunity by participating in this camp.

IP: 175.*.*.* India

cancer:cancer from due to the growth of unwanted cell (one body cell forms many cells if the normal body except one cell all other cells are killed)formation due to chemical reation taking place in to the body

main sources of cancer:
1.unwanted chemical reation(change)due to air and water pollution (main resource of air and water pollution in kayalpatnam is DCW)
2.electromagnetic ways(waves emitted by cellphone towes in kayalpatnam)

i request all kayal welfare associations and social societys forms the society against CANCER (to watch the waste disposal of DCW,emision level of electomagnetic waves etc)

if the waste disposal of DCW is pollut kayalpatnam means take nessary steps(like ...............).and also i request to MR.SKS kaka to collect the waste disposal images and details.

salam

IP: 78.*.*.* Qatar

dear brothers, assalamu alaikkum. i.m very much feel sorrow and to know that cancer is knowingly or unknowingly spreading in our town.those our people posted their differant opinions & ideas & suggestions. all are welcome.

but the causes for cancer still in researching continues even in u.s.a.maximum of reasons, only doctors can be diagnosed. so,if our all native doctors united with specialist in this field, than we can get exact reasons and will be aware from this disease.

most of our kayal doctors are working in metropolitan cities. if they(doctors)think and feel seriously, for our kayalties for sake of allah, they can do.

while i worked in dubai, i knew a tamil lady name vijayalaxmi, from detroit u.s.a. she works in cancer research institution in detroit. in 2008, i heard, that, she is promoted as h.o.d of it.i've no contact address.

but insha allah, i try to get her contact address and post in kayalpatnam discussion board. insha allah.and also i can request mr dr jiyad (jeddah) can also help in this matter becas he is radiologist from U.K. he will know the phycisions in cancer field. specially mr jiyad is kind religius man insha allah i hope, he will take this matter seriously.

we as lay people, whatever do suggestions those all will be assumtions.

IP: 195.*.*.* United Arab Emirates

Assalamu alaikum,
I really appreciate the Brothers & Sisters who has posted some useful & informative solutions to prevent this disease.

It’s really a pathetic sitaution. further stats. mentioned in the news was really shocking. our beloved brothers & sisters who is taking treatment for this disease, Keep faith in almighty allah and never give it up in any situation.

As mention in the quran,'Believers are assured that God does not test any person beyond his or her capability (2: 286) and that through suffering Allah offers the possibility of repentance and forgiveness'.

May allah prevent we all from this killer disease.Aameen.Wassalam.

IP: 193.*.*.* Bahrain

assalamu alaikum dear kayalers,
MY HUMBLE REQUEST IS PLS AVOID OIL FOOD, HOTEL FOOD
IMPORTANT THINK IS TO DO MORE AND MORE EXERCISE LIKE WALKING, SMETHING WHICH ONE S POSSIBLE. MAY ALLAH WILL PREVENT US FROM THIS DEADLY DISEASE

IP: 213.*.*.* Saudi Arabia

Aging and Nutrition. Aging isn't just the number of years since we were born; it's also how quickly the parts of our bodies wear out.

We eat too much fat and not enough vegetables, fiber, fruit and calcium. Not eating foods that contain antioxidants--which can boost the immune system and fight disease--can lead to many forms of cancer.

Poor diet is one of the main contributors to aging, which is one of the main cancer risks
Lack of physical activity causes you to age and gain weight. Being overweight makes your body produce too many hormones that cause cancer to grow

• Smoking. •
Using tobacco is the most preventable cause of cancer. Cigarette smoke has an enormous amount of oxidants. they don't realize tobacco use causes a higher risk stomach, kidney, bladder, pancreas, cervical, uterine, head, neck and liver cancers as well. Cancer that starts in blood cells is more likely in smokers than non-smokers

Poisons in the food, air or water. Pesticides, PCBs, plastics, hydrocarbons, trihalomethanes, etc.

Excessive ingestion of drugs both recreational and pharmaceutical. This includes sugar, caffeine, nicotine and alcohol.

IP: 58.*.*.* India

Nearly half of all cancer deaths are preventable.
Much of cancer's toll can be reduced with simple precautions, such as lifestyle changes and routine screenings.

"We can't beg people to change their behavior, to make the lifestyle changes that we know will reduce cancer risk,"

The biggest threat, of course, is smoking. "You'd have to live on another planet not to know smoking causes cancer,"

Smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in U.S. society. Tobacco causes nearly one in five deaths in the United States, killing about 438,000 Americans each year

Many people know that too much sun causes skin cancer, and they use sun block to protect themselves. But not many know that you need some sun every day -- about 15 to 20 minutes' worth, especially younger people, for vitamin D.

"We cannot completely prevent cancer,but we can substantially improve by doing the right thing."

We need to conduct the Awareness about precautions to made for release from cancel..

May Allah protect our Ummath by affecting such a dangerous disease

IP: 94.*.*.* United Kingdom

Dear(s),

Assalamu Allaikkum,

There is no condition on the food you intake.You can have any kind of food. but "Always have the food as per the work you do".

"Prvention is better than cure".

Some useful measures to be abided by for being prevented from not only the ailment Cancer but for all.

1. Eat lots of plant foods, mainly organic vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and fruits

2. Stay away from sugar

3. Learn how to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy oils

4. Beware of electromagnetic fields and ionizing radiation

5. Don't use oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapies

6. Strive to maintain your optimal weight

7. Be physically active

8. Minimze your exposure to environmental toxins

9. Strive to sleep soundly for 8-10 hours per day in darkness

10. Don't smoke tobacco, drink alcohol, or use any other recreational drugs

11. Go easy on the salt

12. Strive to be emotionally balanced

IP: 188.*.*.* Saudi Arabia

அஸ்ஸலாமு அலைக்கும் (வரஹ்).

புற்று நோய் ஏற்படுவதற்கு " இதுதான் காரணம்" என்று எவராலும் இதுவரை உறுதியாக கண்டுபிடிக்கப்படவில்லை. ஆனால் புற்று நோய் வருவதற்கான அடையாளம் மற்றும் அறிகுறிகளை இனம் கண்டு நோயை குணப்படுத்துகிறார்கள்.

எப்படி, எதனால் புற்று நோய் வருகிறது என்பதை துல்லியமாக அறியாத வரை அதற்கு மருந்தும் கண்டுபிடிக்க முடியாது.

அதனால் புற்று நோய் வருவதற்கு DCW இல் இருந்து வரும் நச்சுக்காற்றும், செல் போன் டவர் கதிர் வீச்சு மட்டும்தான் காரணம் என்று சொல்லிக்கொண்டு மற்ற விசயங்களில் கவனம் செலுத்தாமல் நாம் இருப்பது அறிவீனம்.

புற்று நோய் வருவதற்கான காரணங்களில் மேலும் சில:

= நாம் உட்கொள்ளும் உணவு வகைகளில் சில புற்று நோயை ஏற்படுத்தும், அவைகளை அவசியம் கண்டறிந்து தவிர்க்கவேண்டும்.

= ரீஃபைன்டு ஆயில் : இது கொலஸ்ட்ரால் ஃப்ரீ என்று உபயோகிக்கிறோம் ஆனால் எண்ணையை சுத்திகரிப்பதற்காக பயன்படுத்தப்படும் கெமிக்கல் மூலமாக புற்று நோய் உருவாகிறது என்று கண்டு பிடித்திருக்கிறார்கள்.

= தேநீர் : இது உடலுக்கு நல்லதுதான் அதிலே எந்த சந்தேகமுமில்லை. ஆனால் தேநீரை சூடாக அருந்தும்போது அதனால் தொண்டையில் புற்று நோய் வர வாய்ப்புள்ளது என்று கண்டு பிடித்திருக்கிறார்கள். அதிக சூடு இல்லாமல் 4 - 5 நிமிடம் பொருத்திருந்து சாப்பிட்டால் பாதிப்பு இல்லையாம். அதே நேரத்தில் காஃபியை சூடாக சாப்பிடுவதால் எந்த பாதிப்பும் இல்லையாம்.

= மாட்டிறைச்சி : இதன் மூலமும் புற்று நோய் உருவாகிறதாம். இதை அதிகம் வேகவைத்தால் பாதிப்பு அவ்வளவாக இருக்காதாம். இருப்பினும் தவிர்ப்பதே அல்லது குறைத்துகொள்வதே! நல்லது.

= RED MEAT : சிவப்பு நிற இறைச்சி அதாவது ஆடு, மாடு, கோழி எந்த ஓர் இறைச்சியும் சிவப்பு நிறமாக இருக்குமாயின் அவைகளை தவிர்க்க வேண்டும்.

= சிகரெட் : இதை பற்றி விளக்க வேண்டியதில்லை இருந்தாலும் சிகரெட் பிடிப்பவரை மட்டுமில்லாது பக்கத்தில் உள்ளவர்களையும் அதிகம் பாதிக்கும் என்பதை மறந்துவிடக்கூடாது.

= அரைகுறை வைத்தியம் : அதாவது பெரியவர்களுக்கோ, சிறுவர்களுக்கோ யாருக்காவது உடலிலே ஒரு கட்டி வந்தால், அல்லது அடிபட்டு புண் வந்தால் அது முழுவதுமாக குணமாகும் வரை மருந்துகளை போட்டு வைத்தியம் பார்ப்பதில்லை. அது கொஞ்சம் ஆறி வரும்போதே, ஆம், எல்லாம் சரியாகிடும் என்று மருந்துகளை தொடர்ந்து போடாமல் நிறுத்திவிடுவது. இதனால் என்னவாகும் ? அந்த புண் 'மேல்' பக்கம் மட்டும் ஆறும், உள்பகுதி அரைகுறையாகவே இருந்து பல வருடங்களுக்கு பின் அது சிலருக்கு புற்று நோயை ஏற்படுத்துகிறது.

எனவே நாம் தவிர்க்க வேண்டியவைகளை தவிர்த்து, உணவு வகைகளில் கவனம் செலுத்தி , உடல் பயிற்சியும் செய்து, சகோதரி நஃபீலா சொன்னதுபோல் சில பரிசோதனைகளையும் செய்து வந்தோமானால் அல்லாஹ்வின் அருளால் இந்த கொடிய நோயிலிருந்து விடுதலை பெறலாம்.

ஒன்று மட்டும் நிச்சயம் "எந்த ஒரு நோயிக்கும் மருந்தில்லாமல் இறைவன் அந்த நோயை நமக்கு அனுப்புவதில்லை " என்ற நம்பிக்கையை நாம் மறக்கக்கூடாது.

எல்லாம் வல்ல அல்லாஹ் நம் அனைவரையுமே இந்த நோயிலிருந்து காப்பாற்றுவானாக ஆமீன்.வஸ்ஸலாம்.

IP: 212.*.*.* Saudi Arabia

COME ON DOCTORS TO COMMENT

Thanks to Everyone for all the valuable comments posted here ...

I request our KAYAL Doctors to comment & advice on this issue which will be vital than anyone to save our future generation from this deadly disease.

IP: 89.*.*.* Saudi Arabia

Comments from some of our Kayalites are saying not to blame DCW products for spreading the killing disease in our town.

Since the factory is within the jurisdiction of our municipality, we must aware that what kind of chemicals they are producing and how its affect the health of the natives inhabit nearby.

The materials which DCW produces are tri-chloroethylene, PVC and Ilmenite.

Tri-Chloroethylene (C2HCL3)

According to US Environmental Protection Agency Tri-Chloroethylene causes cancer.

“ A recent analysis of available epidemiological studies reports trichloroethylene exposure to be associated with several types of cancers in humans, especially kidney, liver, cervix, and lymphatic system.”

http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/tri-ethy.html

PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride).

Production of PVC requires the manufacture of raw chemicals, including highly polluting chlorine, and cancer-causing vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and ethylene dichloride.

Also toxic chemical during the production of PVC evolves toxic environmental pollutants which produce Cancer, diabetes, neurological damage and reproductive and birth defects.

http://www.lenntech.com/polyvinyl-chloride-pvc.htm

and
Ilmenite (Fe++TiO3) (Titanium Iron Oxide)

Ilmenite contains low grade Uranium and Thorium. Hope it doesn’t require more illumination.

If the safety methods are not properly followed by DCW and Pollution control authorities are sloppy then such highly pollutant toxic chemicals shows its character and eventually affecting our area communities’ health.

Hence immense attention/awareness should be given to this environmental issues and KAYAL UNITY FORUM (not local politicians) should take this matter to concern authorities to ensure the proper safety measures are followed by DCW.

In fact, recent photo posted in KOTW site reveals are contrary.

May Allah save us from this chronic diseases.

IP: 175.*.*.* India

Trichloroethylene

Hazard Summary-Created in April 1992; Revised in January 2000

Most of the trichloroethylene used in the United States is released into the atmosphere from industrial degreasing operations. Acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene can affect the human central nervous system (CNS), with symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, confusion, euphoria, facial numbness, and weakness. Liver, kidney, immunological, endocrine, and developmental effects have also been reported in humans. A recent analysis of available epidemiological studies reports trichloroethylene exposure to be associated with several types of cancers in humans, especially kidney, liver, cervix, and lymphatic system. Animal studies have reported increases in lung, liver, kidney, and testicular tumors and lymphoma. The Agency is currently reassessing the cancer classification of trichloroethylene.

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Please Note: The main source of information for this fact sheet is the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene. Another secondary source used is EPA's Health Assessment Document for Trichloroethylene.

Uses

The main use of trichloroethylene is in the vapor degreasing of metal parts. (1)

Trichloroethylene is also used as an extraction solvent for greases, oils, fats, waxes, and tars, a chemical intermediate in the production of other chemicals, and as a refrigerant. (1)

Trichloroethylene is used in consumer products such as typewriter correction fluids, paint removers/strippers, adhesives, spot removers, and rug-cleaning fluids. (1)

Trichloroethylene was used in the past as a general anesthetic. (1)

Sources and Potential Exposure

Trichloroethylene has been detected in ambient air at levels less than 1 part per billion (ppb). Ambient air measurement data from the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (which has 1,200 measurements from 25 states from 1985-1995) give a range of ambient air values from 0.01 to 3.9 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3). (1,13)

Because of its moderate water solubility, trichloroethylene in soil has the potential to migrate into groundwater. The relatively frequent detection of trichloroethylene in groundwater confirms its mobility in soils. (13)

Drinking water supplies relying on contaminated groundwater sources may contain trichloroethylene. ATSDR reports that trichloroethylene is the most frequently reported organic contaminant in groundwater. It estimates between 9 and 34 percent of drinking water supply sources have some trichloroethylene contamination but that most municipal water supplies are in compliance with the maximum contaminant level of 5 µg/L. (1,13)

Workers may be exposed to trichloroethylene in the factories where it is manufactured or used. In addition, persons breathing air around these factories may be exposed to trichloroethylene. (1)

Persons may also be exposed to trichloroethylene through the use of products containing the chemical and from evaporation and leaching from waste disposal sites. (1)

Assessing Personal Exposure

Trichloroethylene can be measured in the breath, and breakdown products of trichloroethylene can be measured in urine or blood. (1)

Health Hazard Information

Acute Effects:

Central nervous system effects are the primary effects noted from acute inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene in humans, with symptoms including sleepiness, fatigue, headache, confusion, and feelings of euphoria. Effects on the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal system, and skin have also been noted. (1)

Neurological, lung, kidney, and heart effects have been reported in animals acutely exposed to trichloroethylene. (1) Tests involving acute exposure of rats and mice have shown trichloroethylene to have low toxicity from inhalation exposure and moderate toxicity from oral exposure. (1,2)

Chronic Effects (Noncancer):

As with acute exposure, chronic exposure to trichloroethylene by inhalation also affects the human central nervous system. Case reports of intermediate and chronic occupational exposures included effects such as dizziness, headache, sleepiness, nausea, confusion, blurred vision, facial numbness, and weakness. (1)

Effects to the liver, kidneys, and immune and endocrine systems have also been seen in humans exposed to trichloroethylene occupationally or from contaminanted drinking water. (13)

Studies have shown that simultaneous alcohol consumption and trichloroethylene inhalation increases the toxicity of trichloroethylene in humans. (1)

Neurological, liver, and kidney effects were reported in chronically-exposed animals. (1)

EPA is in the process of calculating a Reference Concentration (RfC) and Reference Dose (RfD) for trichloroethylene. ATSDR has calculated an intermediate-duration inhalation minimal risk level (MRL) of 0.1 parts per million (ppm) (0.5 milligrams per cubic meter, mg/m3) for trichloroethylene based on neurological effects in rats. The MRL is an estimate of the daily human exposure to a hazardous substance that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. Exposure to a level above the MRL does not mean that adverse health effects will occur. The MRL is intended to serve as a screening tool. (1)

The California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) has calculated a chronic inhalation reference exposure level of 0.6 mg/m3 based on neurological effects in humans. The CalEPA reference exposure level is a concentration at or below which adverse health effects are not likely to occur. (5)

Reproductive/Developmental Effects:

A study of nurses occupationally exposed by inhalation to trichloroethylene along with other chemicals in operating rooms, and another epidemiological study of women exposed occupationally or nonoccupationally to trichloroethylene and other solvents, have reported increases in the incidence of miscarriages. The presence of other chemicals, however, limits the ability to draw conclusions specific to trichloroethylene. (1)

An epidemiological study of 2,000 male and female workers exposed to trichloroethylene via inhalation found no increase in malformations in babies born following exposure. (1)

Several studies have evaluated and not found an association between adverse reproductive effects in humans and exposure to trichloroethylene in contaminated drinking water. An association was found between the occurrence of congenital heart disease in children and a drinking water supply contaminated with trichloroethylene and other similar chemicals; however, no causal relationship with trichloroethylene could be concluded. (1)

Animal studies have reported developmental effects from exposure to trichloroethylene and its metabolites (trichloroacetic acid [TCA] and dichloroacetic acid [DCA]). (1,4,13)

Cancer Risk:

The cancer epidemiology for trichloroethylene has grown in recent years with several large, well-designed studies being published. A recent analysis of available epidemiological studies reports trichloroethylene exposure to be associated with several types of cancers in humans, especially kidney, liver, cervix, and lymphatic system. Consistency across epidemiological studies is strongest for an association between trichloroethylene exposure and kidney cancer. These results are supported by recent molecular epidemiology studies showing specific renal cell mutations found primarily in renal cell carcinoma patients exposed to trichloroethylene. (13)

Animal studies have reported increases in lung, liver, kidney, and testicular tumors and lymphoma from inhalation and oral exposures in rats and mice. (1,4,13)

EPA does not currently have a consensus classification for the carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene. However, the Agency is currently reassessing its potential carcinogenicity, and new data suggest that trichloroethylene is a likely human carcinogen. (11,13)

EPA uses mathematical models, based on animal studies, to estimate the probability of a person developing cancer from continuously breathing air containing a specified concentration of a chemical. EPA has calculated a provisional inhalation unit risk estimate of 1.7 x 10-6 (µg/m3)-1. A provisional value is one which has not received Agency-wide review. EPA is currently reassessing the inhalation unit risk estimate. (10)

EPA has also calculated a provisional oral cancer slope factor of 0.011 (mg/kg/d)-1. EPA is currently reassessing the oral cancer slope factor. (10)

Physical Properties

Trichloroethylene is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a sweet odor similar to ether or chloroform. (1)

The odor threshold for trichloroethylene is 28 ppm. (6)

The chemical formula for trichloroethylene is C2HCl3, and the molecular weight is 131.40 g/mol. (1)

The vapor pressure for trichloroethylene is 74 mm Hg at 25 °C, and it has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) of 2.42. (1)

Trichloroethylene is not a persistent chemical in the atmosphere; its half-life in air is about 7 days. (1)

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Conversion Factors:

To convert concentrations in air (at 25°C) from ppm to mg/m3: mg/m3 = (ppm) × (molecular weight of the compound)/(24.45). For trichloroethylene: 1 ppm = 5.37 mg/m3. To convert concentrations in air from µg/m3 to mg/m3: mg/m3 = (µg/m3) x (1 mg/1,000 µg).

Health Data from Inhalation Exposure

ACGIH STEL--American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists' short-term exposure limit; 15-min time-weighted-average exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a workday even if the 8-h time-weighted-average is within the threshold limit value.

ACGIH TLV--ACGIH's threshold limit value expressed as a time-weighted average; the concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without adverse effects.

AIHA ERPG--American Industrial Hygiene Association's emergency response planning guidelines. ERPG 1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed up to one hour without experiencing other than mild transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor; ERPG 2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects that could impair their abilities to take protective action. LC50 (Lethal Concentration50)--A calculated concentration of a chemical in air to which exposure for a specific length of time is expected to cause death in 50% of a defined experimental animal population.

NIOSH IDLH--National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health's immediately dangerous to life or health concentration; NIOSH recommended exposure limit to ensure that a worker can escape from an exposure condition that is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from the environment.

OSHA PEL--Occupational Safety and Health Administration's permissible exposure limit expressed as a time-weighted average; the concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without adverse effect averaged over a normal 8-h workday or a 40-h workweek.

The health and regulatory values cited in this factsheet were obtained in December 1999. aHealth numbers are toxicological numbers from animal testing or risk assessment values developed by EPA. bRegulatory numbers are values that have been incorporated in Government regulations, while advisory numbers are nonregulatory values provided by the Government or other groups as advice. OSHA numbers are regulatory, whereas NIOSH, ACGIH, and AIHA numbers are advisory. cThe LOAEL is from the critical study used as the basis for the ATSDR intermediate MRL. dThe LOAEL is from the critical study used as the basis for the CalEPA chronic reference exposure level.

References

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update). U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. 1997.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS, online database). National Toxicology Information Program, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. 1993.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Trichloroethylene. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. 1999.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Health Assessment Document for Trichloroethylene. EPA/600/8-82/006F. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development. 1985. California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA). Technical Support Document for the Determination of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels. Draft for Public Comment. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Berkeley, CA. 1997. J.E. Amoore and E. Hautala. Odor as an aid to chemical safety: Odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 3(6):272-290. 1983. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cincinnati, OH. 1997. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 1999 TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents, Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH. 1999.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Code of Federal Regulations 29 CFR 1910.1000. 1998.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk Assessment Issue Paper for Carcinogenicity Information for Trichloroethylene (TCE) (CASRN 79-01-6). Superfund Technical Support Center, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH. nd.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations. Federal Register 63 FR 34336-346. June 24, 1998.

American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). The AIHA 1998 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook. 1998.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Trichloroethylene Health Risk Assessment: Synthesis and Characterization. External Review Draft. EPA/600/P-01/002A. Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. August 2001.

IP: 175.*.*.* India

Thanks MR.SAHIB your view is right.i dont know why our people dont take any step in this matter.

please,please,please social societys take step on this matter

IP: 219.*.*.* Hong Kong

Nijam program will telecast anytime next week in Vijay TV about the root cause of cancer suffer by Kayal. Insha allah, This may get relief to our circumstance with the influence of government.

Lets pray for that...

**Wasalam

IP: 114.*.*.* India

Dear All

I was shocked after saw the following link.

http://elements.healthspace.com/?p=820